排污标准抑或水质标准？——《水污染防治法》控制手段的反思与重构

我国的《水污染防治法》虽然历经修订，但其对于水污染的控制手段却一直延循以技术为基础的排污标准。这种手段在内在机理与外显制度上难以实现预期立法目的，它实施成本过高，效率低下；是一种列举而非概括的控制手段，难免顾此失彼。故此，我们的立法修订不能止步于反思和完善具体制度和机制，更要反思《水污染防治法》的控制手段，重视以水质目标为标准的控制手段，并进行相应具体制度的构建。制度构建中应注重水质标准体系的立体化、灵活性和立法上的兼容性。

Sewage Standards or Water Quality Standards——Reflection and Reconstruction of the Control Means of Water Pollution Prevention Law

Although there have been several amendments to China＇s Water Pollution Prevention Law, the control means of water pollution is still a technology-based sewage standard control method. Whether from a legal point of view within the system or from a specific point of view,it is difficult to achieve the legislative intent because of its high operation cost and low efficiency. So, we should attach importance to the control means which take the water quality objectives as its standard. To build a specific system,we ought to consider the completeness and flexibility of water quality standard system,and the compatibility of legislation .