凉山彝族农村隔代养育问题的社会工作介入策略研究

西南少数民族农村大量青壮年人口外出务工,隔代养育逐渐成为主要家庭抚养模式。 聚焦凉山彝族农村社会中的隔 代养育问题,通过田野工作,梳理出凉山彝族农村社会中隔代养育的基本情况,包括本地的彝式教育情况,彝族隔代养育涉及 的各主体情况。 发现彝族社会中存在一种特殊养育者,即家支系统,也发现彝族农村隔代养育中的一些具体问题,如养育者 教育观念落后,知识陈旧和社会文化适应程度低;被养育者自理能力、智能发展和心理健康等存在问题;大量老年人和儿童留 守凉山,他们各有现实需要且面临各种实际问题。 为解决上述问题,从本地隔代养育家庭层面,家支、学校、社区层面,凉山彝 族整体社会系统层面提出有针对性的社会工作介入策略。

A Study on the Intervention Strategies of Social Work on the Issue of Skip- generational Raising in the Countryside of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture

As a large number of young and middle-aged ethnic minority people in the southwestern rural areas work far a- way in other places, skip-generational parenting has gradually become a main family parenting model. This study focuses on the problems in skip-generational parenting in Liangshan Yi rural communities. Through fieldwork, the study sorts out the basic situation of skip-generational parenting including the local Yi-style education and the situation of each subject involved in the skip-generational parenting of Yi people. It is found that there is a special kind of parenting in the Yi community, Yi Family Lineage system, and some specific problems in the skip-generational parenting of the Yi people in rural areas, such as backward education concept of the fosterers, outdated knowledge, and low social adaptability; in terms of the skip-generational raised children, they are defective in self-care ability, intellectual development and psy- chological health. A large number of the elderly and children stay in Liangshan, and they have their own practical needs and problems. In order to solve the above problems, the paper proposes targeted social work intervention strategies from the perspectives of local skip-generational parenting families, family branches, schools, communities, and the overall so- cial system of Liangshan.