《审美教育书简》中的美学思想——美论与人性

《审美教育书简》是席勒最重要的美学论文。它从席勒的时代现状入手，把美学问题与改变人性分裂的现实联系起来进行探讨，确定美是拯救人性的唯一手段。它从人性的分析开始论美，得出人的三种冲动：感性）中动、理性冲动、游戏冲动；这三种人性冲动决定了三种人：感性的人（自然的人）、理性的人（道德的人）、审美的人（自由的人）。游戏冲动结合了感性冲动与理性冲动，使人成为审美的人，最终成为了道德的人。因为美是游戏冲动的对象，即活的形象，所以美可以使人性完整，使人成为真正的人。这种美论是一种伦理美学的思想，是针对法国大革命的暴力手段而形成的美的人性改革手段。它虽然具有时代的局限性，但是具有伦理的理想性和前瞻性。

Aesthetic thoughts in the Letters on Aesthetic Education --theory of the beauty and human nature

The Letters on Aesthetic Education is the most important aesthetic thesis of Schiller. It starts from the current situation of the Schiller＇ s era by connecting the aesthetic problems with the reality, which changes humanity division to confirm that the beauty is the only way to saving human nature. Through analyzing human nature it discusses the beauty, arriving at there are three kinds of impulses in human being： emotional impulse, rational impulse, and the impulse in game, which determines three kinds of person： perceptual person （natural person）, rational people （moral man）, and aesthetic person （free people）. Game impulse combines emotional impulse and rational impulse; it makes people an aesthetic person, and eventually become a moral person. As the beauty is the objective of game impulse, that is to say the beauty is a living image; the beauty can make the integrity of human nature be a real man. This kind of theory is a thought of ethical aesthetics, a way aiming at the violence of the French Revolution and the reformation of the beautiful human nature. Although it has the limitations of the times, it also has ethical ideal and prospective.