排污权交易合同及其规制

作为一种市场化的环境污染控制制度,排污权交易制度具有公法和私法的双重属性,由排污权的初始分配、排污权交易合同、政府监督管理三部分架构而成,其中排污权交易合同居于核心地位,彰显其民事法律性质.排污权交易一级市场是政府对环境容量资源的初始分配,更多体现的是国家意志;二级市场是排污单位之间对环境容量资源的再分配,更多体现的是意思自由,属于真正的市场机制.现实中人们普遍关注排污单位之间的点源交易合同.面向未来发展需求,点源与面源的交易合同大有潜力.排污权交易合同的主体、客体、成立、生效及效力有别于传统民事合同.合同主体的行为可能同时涉及几种法律责任,呈现竞合特点,且竞合性责任的承担不是择一适用,而是同时适用,以保证对受损利益的全面完整救济.

Emissiontrading contract and its regulation

As a market-based environmental pollution control system,emission trading system,with dual attributes of both public law and private law,consists of initial emission allocation,emission trading contract,and government supervision. Emission trading contract,at the heart of the system,reveals its nature of civil law. The primary market of emission trading is the initial allocation of environmental capacity resources by government,reflecting the wills of the state,while the secondary market,as a real market mechanism,is the redistribution of environmental capacity resources among discharging units,reflecting the autonomy of will. At present,people focus more on point source transaction contracts between units,but in future,there is a substantial tendency for trading contracts between point sources and non-point sources. The emission trading contract is different from traditional civil contract in subject,object,forming and effect. The behavior of the contract subject may involve several types of legal responsibilities,which are characterized by concurrence,and the concurrence of responsibilities is not a choice,but to apply at the same time,to ensure a complete relief for the interests damaged.