自贸区（港）国际船舶登记制度的问题展开与理论创新

国际船舶登记制度在严格登记制度和开放登记制度的冲突中产生，本应兼采二者的优势、兼具安全与效率两大价值理念，但实际并非如此。反思目前国际船舶登记制度在自贸区（港）推行过程中暴露的缺陷，从制度内容角度破题，采用质性分析软件NVivo对现行114部相关法律文本进行内容分析，探索问题产生的内因，深剖问题实质。研究发现当前国际船舶登记制度中存在规范性文件杂乱、立法原则不一致，船舶登记要件不明确，监管措施过于抽象等问题。基于发现的问题，在研判法律根源，创新构建安全与效率并重的立法原则基础上，明确界定国际船舶登记制度的法律内涵，并建议通过打造兼具效率与安全双重属性的监管系统，重塑具备安全与效率原则的条件要素，以探索更加适应我国发展需要的国际船舶登记制度。

Development and Theoretical Innovation of International Ship Registration System in Free Trade Zone (Port)-A Qualitative Study Based on NVivo

The international ship registration practice is born out of the conflict between strict registration system and open registration system. It should, though failed, have made good use of the two systems, upholding the values of safety and efficiency. After reviewing the defects exposed in the ship registration practice in the free Trade Zone (port), the paper uses NVivo to analyze the content of 114 existing legal texts from the perspective of the content of the system, with an aim to delve into the internal causes of the problems. It is found that there are some problems in the current international ship registration practice, such as disordered normative documents, inconsistent legislative principles, unclear ship registration requirements and too abstract supervision measures. Based on the problems and the essence of law, and under the principle of innovation, security and efficiency, the paper defines the legal connotation of ship registration practice, and suggests that we should reshape elements in building a safe and efficient supervision system, so as to establish a more international ship registration system to meet the requirements of China's current development.