“象喻”思维论

"象喻"是古人把握世界的一种重要的认知方式,它以"观物取象"为起点,以"取象比类"、"立象见意"为目的,通过象征、联想、类比、暗示等方式,以整合的、情感的方式表述物象世界与观念世界,不仅为仿效事物的形体提供范式,而且用以揭示背后的意义、思想和情感。考察"尚象"到"象喻"一脉的发展衍变,可以发现,无论是附在六十四卦《象传》中的推衍,还是《系辞下》黄帝、尧、舜"垂衣裳而天下治"的说法,乃至诸子之学的理论升华,均明确地传达出在古人思想中业已存在着一种观念形态的思维方式,这与中国古代学术思想的发生发展有着复杂而内在的关联。

"Xiang-Yu" and Chinese Traditional Thinking

"Xiang-yu"(image and simile) is one of the most important cognitive styles for the ancients to know the world,which originated from "getting image from landscape",with the purpose of "analogy by image creation" and "sense by image expression",to express the object world and the ideal world by way of symbolization,association,analogy and hint,with the mode of integration and emotion,not only providing the paradigm to imitate the body,but also to expose the implied sense,thought and emotion.To observe the evolution from "shang-xiang" to "xiang-yu",whether the reasoning in the Autobiography of Xiang in the Sixty-Four Gua,or the motto of "governing the nation by clothes drooping" in Ji Ci Xia by Huangdi,Yao and Shun,or even the theoretical sublimation of the Science of Zhuzi(philosophers outside Confucius),all strikingly deliver the thinking mode already existing in the ancient ideology,which is complexly and internally related to the occurrence and development of the Chinese ancient academic ideology.