《司法基本法》与中国司法改革

自1982年以来,以三个"五年改革纲要"的制定为标志,我国进行了三次司法改革。三次改革取得了丰富的成果,但也存在改革的"依据不足"的困境,改革的推进缺乏必要的法律依据予以支持。为此,我国司法改革的推进,应当以选择"法律"而非"制度"为突破口,从法律规范的层面推进司法改革,统合现有的司法法资源,制定统一的《司法基本法》;在此基础上,以统一的《司法基本法》为依据,推动司法改革的整体深化。制定后的统一《司法基本法》,在内容上以宪法为依据,将宪法中的司法制度与司法的基本规则予以具体化,在位阶上属于基本法律的地位,具有高于普通法律的地位,因而能够全面回应司法改革对法治资源的需求,确保司法改革在法律的框架内有序行进。

Research on The Basic Act of Judicature and Judicial Reform of China

Our country has undergone three drastic ,tides of judicial reforms since 1982, taking the formu- lating of the three Reform Program for Five Years as landmarks. These three judicial reforms achieved frui｜ful results, but meanwhile encountered the difficulties of lack of legal basis, unable to be supported by existing le- gal norms. So Judicial reform should take Legislation rather than system reforming as breach, integrate existing resources of Judiciary law and formulate The Basic Act of Judicature. On this basis, Judicial reform ought to be carried out under the framework of The Basic Act of Judicature. The Basic Act of Judicature created must be in accordance with the constitution and specifying judicial system and basic judicial rule on Constitution, which has higher legal authority than common law, so as to responded to judicial reform for demand for good law re- sources, ensuring that judicial reform was carried out within the legal framework.