国际民航不循规旅客管辖权问题研究

随着国际民用航空运输业的飞速发展,在航空器上不循规旅客案件数量也呈现激增趋势. 仅仅依照1963年《关于在航空器内的犯罪和其他某些行为的公约》(《东京公约》)已远远不能实现对该类案件的有效规制:因其在管辖权方面的规定过窄,导致很多案件出现"管辖空白"的情况. 国际民航组织2014年通过《关于修订〈关于在航空器内的犯罪和其他某些行为的公约〉的议定书》(《蒙特利尔议定书》),作为《东京公约》现代化的最终成果,对管辖权方面做出了新规定,在原有的航空器登记国管辖权基础上增加了航空器降落地国和航空器经营人所在国的管辖权规则,一定程度上弥补了《东京公约》管辖权规定的不足. 在系统梳理国际民航不循规旅客管辖权规则的历史演变的基础上,探讨现有规则的积极意义及不足之处,建议中国相关规定亦需要进行修改.

Study on the Jurisdiction of Unruly Passengers of the International Civil Aviation

With the rapid development of international civil aviation transport industry , the number of cases where un-ruly passengers on board of aircrafts also showed a surge trend .Practicing these cases only in accordance with the 1963 Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft ( Tokyo Convention ) has been far from effective.Being regulated by Tokyo Convention, the scope of states which exercise jurisdiction is too narrow , e-ven resulting in "jurisdiction blank".The Protocol To Amend The Convention On Offences And Certain Other Acts Committed On Board Aircraft (The Montreal Protocol, 2014), which was adopted by ICAO (International Civil Avia-tion Organization) in 2014, as the outcome of Tokyo Convention' s modernization, has made new regulations which enlarge the states scope exercising jurisdiction by making the State of landing and the State of the operator have juris -diction (except for the State of registration ), thus, to some extent, making up the gap of the former Tokyo Convention in terms of jurisdiction.This article sorts the evolution of ICAO regulation system in respect of jurisdiction over unrulypassenger cases and explores the significance and shortcomings of existing rules with suggestions for the modificationof relevant domestic provisions.