元明时期树木保护法令初探

着重梳理元明史料中对树木保护的政府法令与有关记载,并与前代有关记载进行比较研究。在基本肯定元明两朝总体继承了中国传统树木保护法令体系的基础上,剖析出元明在此问题上展现出的不同一面。元代对农业树木的保护更加重视,颁布了大量有关法令。而这在一定意义上恰恰体现了内亚草原文化的生态主义色彩。而承袭蒙元帝国政治遗产的明朝,由于北京特殊的地缘位置,在颁布帝陵和北方边防林木保护法令的问题上更为重视。而这些元明两代树木保护法令上的不同面貌也具有内在的因果关系。由明代绘画中的“树木护栏”图样,我们也能直观地看到这一时代树木保护法令的具体执行情况。最终从树木保护的角度来阐释元明时代在国家政权和社会发展两个层面的继承和变革。

A Preliminary Study on the Decrees of Trees Protection of Yuan and Ming Dynasties

This paper focuses on the study of the decrees of trees protection and relevant recording in the historical sources of Yuan and Ming dynasties. On the basis of confirming Yuan and Ming dynasties’ inheriting of the traditional system of trees protection decrees in ancient China, we reveal the differences between the two dynasties in this aspect. Yuan Dynasty issued more decrees to protect the agriculture trees which reflect the original ecological thoughts of inner Asia steppe culture. Ming Dynasty which carried on the political legacy of Yuan Dynasty paid more attention to the decrees of protecting the forest in emperors’ mausoleums and north frontiers due to the special location of Beijing. Actually there is a cause and effect relationship between the decrees of trees protection of the two dynasties. Based on the“trees fences” in the painting of Ming Dynasty, this paper will offer some visual information about the implement of these decrees. This paper will compare them in order to reveal the succession and new development of the state regime and society in Yuan and Ming dynasties from the perspective of trees protection.