从“有痛”伦理到“无痛”伦理——利波维茨基《责任的落寞》思想解读

在《责任的落寞——新民主时期的无痛伦理观》一书中,吉尔·利波维茨基勾勒了伦理形态随时代变化而发生变迁的轨迹图。在前个人主义时期,伦理表现为管制型的"有痛"伦理;进入个人主义时期,伦理在脱嵌于"有痛"伦理形态的过程中却出现了个人权利泛滥的无序混乱;新个人主义时期则针对上述伦理困境,呼唤良知的回归,并构建一种新型的"无痛"伦理。这种"无痛"伦理是在回归现实生活的基础上,倡导保有底线但抽离出奉献感的新型伦理模式。这样一种伦理变迁的分析,既强化了伦理随现实变动而发生变迁的视角,但也遮蔽了伦理对现实应有的超越批判向度。

From “Pain ” Ethics to “Painless ”Ethics——Interpretation of Lipovetsky＇s Thought Implied in Responsibility Gloam

In the book Responsibility Gloam- a New Democratic Period Painless Ethics, Lipovetsky outlined locus diagram where ethical forms change with time. In the period of pre - individualism, ethics manifest as a regulative ＂pain＂ ethics form. In the individualism era, the ethics resulted in a disordered situation of abusiveness of the individual rights in the process of ethic dissembeddedness from the ＂pain＂ ethic form. During the new individualism, to get out of the ethical dilemma, it calls for ethical recurrence and structures the ＂painless＂ ethics. The ＂painless＂ ethics is a new ethical mode that bases on the real life and keeps ethics baseline, pulis out of a sense of dedication but retains definite responsibility. The analysis of such an ethical transition strengthens the view of ethics change with reality, and shields the transcending critical dimension of the ethics according to the reality.