集体收益分配方式及其对当代新农村建设的启示

人民公社时期的集体收益分配方式在保障农民基本生活、稳定农村与促进国家工业化发展方面发挥了历史性的重大作用,同时在它实施过程中出现的平均主义、无偿调拨、工农“剪刀差”以及二元体制等问题严重挫伤了农民积极性,导致了农村发展的缓慢。集体收益分配方式留下的经验和教训为我国当前后农业税时代,构建一种以国家扶持资金为引导、以集体经济为基础、以“一事一议”及其它社会资本形式的投入为补充的满足村级公共需要的资金筹集方式和体制,提供了重要启示。

The Distribution System of Collective Income and Its Enlightenment on Rural Construction at Present Age

In the period of people's commune in China,the distribution system of collective income played a historic role in ensuring farmers' basic necessities,stabilizing the countryside,and promoting the industrial development.However it dampened the enthusiasm of the farmers due to such factors as egalitarianism,free allotment,price scissors between industry and agriculture,and dual-system,which led to a slow progress of the countryside.All the experience and lessons give enlightment on fund-raising for china's rural public means at the age of post-rural tax,that is,we should set up a constructural system which is guided by the national supportin fund,with a basis of collective economy and a supplement of "item for item" fund-raising and other investments.