论共有人法定先买权

无论在美国法上还是在德国法上，先买权总是相对于第三人的一种特权。其配置之基础。绝非对于共有关系之简单否定，毋宁是在促进经济利益最大化之目标下，寻求单独所有与共同所有之间的平衡。从立法论角度考虑，使优先购买权具备形成权性质，更有利于立法政策之贯彻。“物权效力说”与“债权效力说”之争论是一场围绕伪命题的争论，至于共有人优先购买权究为对人的优先购买权抑或对物的优先购买权，则是一个依立法政策为转移的问题。

On Right of Preemption of the Joint Owner

The right of preemption is a privilege of joint owner to the third party. The legitimacy of the grant of preemption is not total negation of co - ownership, instead, it is a seeking for the harmonious order between the individual ownership and the co - ownership. A perspective from legislation that recognizes the preemption to be a kind of formulation right （Gestaltungsrecht） will be better for the implemetation of the legal policy. The debate between the argument of effect of real right and the argument of effect of obligation is a false proposition. It depends on the legal policy that the right of preemption of the joint owner focuse on personality or assets.