九州学派:日本现代儒学的地域样本

所谓九州学派,就是从楠本正继开始的脱离了传统儒学即旧学的新型的学术形态。与受西方哲学影响而创立于幕末维新期的京都学派和东京学派不同的是,九州学派的"学统"或"道统"可上溯到江户中期,所以九州学派似乎更具有日本传统的神儒合一的特色以及传统书院教育的诉求。如果说楠本正继是九州学派的奠基人,那么他的两大弟子冈田武彦和荒木见悟便是九州学派的两大领袖。冈田基本上属于阳明学的践行态,而荒木则属于阳明学的学问态。冈田宏识博通,而荒木绵密精微;冈田倾心于阳明精神与神道教的结合,致力于阳明学的日本化和庶民化;而荒木则倾心于阳明学与佛学的研究,致力于阳明学的理论化和精致化。尽管九州学派现已逐渐衰微,但形成于上世纪60年代,兴旺于世纪之交的九州学派,却在楠本学和冈田学的旗帜下,在日本现当代思想史上保持了近半个世纪的影响力。

Kyushu School: A Provincial School of Modern Japanese Confucianism

The history of Kyushu School started at a time when Kusumoto Masatsugu parted ways with the traditional Japanese Confucianism or the Ancient Learning.The lineage of Kyushu School can be traced to the mid-Edo period.While Kyoto School and Tokyo School were attuned to the climate of reform at the Bakumatsu period and were only to ready to assimilate Western philosophy,Kyushu School adhered to the traditional Japanese way of schooling which is based on private Confucian academies where Confucianism is studied and practiced along with Shinto religion.As the founding father of Kyushu School,Kusumoto Masatsugu had two outstanding students,Okada Takehiko and Araki Kengo,who later became two great leaders of the School.Both Okada and Araki were followers of Wang Yangming’s philosophy.Whereas the former,a learned visionary,inherited Wang Yangming’s practical thought,the latter,a subtle thinker,focused on his theoretical teachings.Okada was interested in fusing the spirit of Wang Yangming with Shinto.His was an attempt to Japanize and popularize the Wang’s philosophy.Araki,on the other hand,was more into the academic study of Wang Yangming’s philosophy as well as Buddhism and endeavored to systematize Wang’s ideas.Although the Kyushu School has lost its momentum today,its influence,especially that of the philosophy of Kusumoto and Okada,which lasted over half a century from the 60s of the last century till the beginning of the 21st century,can not be overestimated.