吠陀经典中伐楼那神的天王地位与雅利安特征

在印度神话中,伐楼那是雅利安人游牧阶段主神,但他被吠陀诗人收入吠陀诗歌加以赞颂。从这些颂诗里,我们可以看到伐楼那作为宇宙天王的地位、权威、统治政策和赢得的荣耀。到了吠陀时代后期,伐楼那的天王地位为因陀罗撼动并取代,标志着统治秩序的重建。天王易位,这里面包含了现实生活的需要、宗教及历史方面的因素。此外,从《吠陀》中对伐楼那神为数不多的颂诗中,我们可以窥见伐楼那神在生存环境、生存方式和创造活动方面所体现出的雅利安特征。

Varuna as a God of the Sky in the Vedas and Its Aryan Features

In Hindu mythology,Varuna was one of the most important gods to the Aryan nomads,but he was incorporated into Vedic mantras and eulogized by Vedic poets.From these hymns we may find Varuna’s position as a universal god,his authority,his ruling policy,and his glory.In late Vedic period,his position was replaced by Indra,which marks the beginning of a new ruling order.Indra’s ascendancy to supremacy over the rest of the pantheon was due to the need of actual life,and religious and historical elements.In addition,we can detect Varuna’s Aryan features in terms of his living environment,way of living,and creative activities from the few hymns about Varuna in the Vedas.