“理性”、“信念”与“道德原则”——从罗尔斯的“反思平衡法”到德沃金的“建设性阐释”

20世纪以来,西方伦理学方法发生了转向,一改近代以来理性主义伦理学方法,走向直觉主义、情感主义。当代美国齐名的道德哲学家罗尔斯与德沃金对理性主义与直觉主义、情感主义进行了创造性综合,以寻求理性、信念与道德原则的有效融合。为此,他们在创建各自道德理论时分别提出了"反思平衡法"与"建设性阐释"两种伦理学方法。尽管这两种方法在结构上有差异,但本质是一致的,都是立基于建构者对某些经验事实的态度。同时要进一步显明的是,"反思平衡法"与"建设性阐释"这两种伦理学方法,从本源上看都必须通过对"符应真理观"的颠覆才能真正显现。

Rationality, Faith and Moral Principles: From Rawls's "Reflection Balance Method" to Dworkin's "Constructive Interpretation"

Since the beginning of the twentieth Century,the method of Western ethics has undergone a tremendous change.The method of modern rationalist ethics gave way to the methods of intuitionism and emotivism.Contemporary American moral philosophers Rawls and Dworkin creatively integrated rationalism,intuitionism and emotivism to in order seek a fusion of reason,faith and moral principles.In creating their own moral theories,they put forward "reflection balance method" and the method of "constructive interpretation." Although the two methods of ethics are structurally different,they share a common feature: both take a positive attitude toward empirical facts.At the same time one should not lose sight of the fact that both "reflection balance method" and "constructive interpretation" are developed by rejecting "the correspondence theory of truth."