领域分化后的道德寓所——兼论公共行政的道德原则

人类社会经历了农业社会和工业社会的历史阶段,现在正处于后工业化的过程中。在农业社会,社会的一体性决定了它的制度是“权制”的,它的治理模式是“权治”的,道德的因素在不同的社会阶层中会有着不同的要求和表现。工业社会是一个社会分化的过程,特别是领域的分化,把道德主要限制在日常生活领域之中。私人领域也要求道德的支持,但是,自利的追求往往把道德置于客观结果的位置上。至于公共领域,则是一个非道德的领域。在后工业化的进程中,出现了领域的融合,从而为普适性道德的出现提供了历史前提,也为在道德发展最新成果的基础上进行道德制度和德治体系的设计提供了契机。

On the Moral Dwells after Fields Polarization

Having experienced agricultural and industrial societies, man is now placed in a post-industrialization context. In the agricultural society, the integrative characteristic determining its institution is a“power system”, and its governance style is“power governance”, with moral factors asserting different requirements and appearance in different social classes. The industrial society is a process of societal polarization, with moral aspects limited to daily life field due to fields polarization. While the private field requires support from the moral sphere, selfish pursuits always set morality in the position of objective result. As for the public field, it is regarded as a non-moral field. In the course of post-industrialization, fields amalgamation begin to appear, providing historical pre-condition for universally applied morality, and also providing chances for a moral system and moral institution design that based on newest fruits of moral evolution.