清代金瓶掣签制度的制定及其在西藏的实施（续）

金瓶掣签是乾隆皇帝针对活佛转世中的一些弊病而制定的一项重要管理制度,在制定时结合了藏传佛教活佛转世认定中的一些传统做法和清朝选官制度的签选办法,体现了清朝对活佛转世事务的管理权力。本文对金瓶掣签的制定和在西藏的实施作了详细的介绍分析,为研究金瓶掣签制度提供了详细可信的资料,说明金瓶掣签是清朝管理活佛转世事务的重要历史定制。

The Institution and Implementation of the "Gold Urn" System in Tibet during the Qing Dynasty

The system of drawing lots in a "golden urn" to determine the reincarnated soul boy of a deceased Living Buddha is an important measure taken by the Emperor Qianlong. It was formulated in 1793 for the purpose of eliminating corruptive practices in the process. This measure incorporated some traditional Tibetan ways of choosing a reincarnation along with the measure of selecting a governmental official by drawing lots in the Qing system. It shows the power of the Qing dynasty in controlling Tibetan affairs, especially in the process of deciding a reincarnation. This article gives an explicit introduction and analysis of how the "gold urn" method was instituted and implemented in Tibet. With authentic and detailed data, the author explicates the historical significance of the "gold urn" system of the Qing dynasty concerning reincarnations of the Tibetan lamas.