立功的刑事责任问题探讨

一般立功的刑事责任是"可以从轻或者减轻处罚",其中的"可以"与"应当"不能等同。重大立功的刑事责任是"可以减轻或者免除处罚",但不包括"可以从轻处罚"。犯罪后自首又有重大立功表现的,应当减轻或者免除处罚,该规定适用于犯罪极其严重的罪犯明显不当,因而有必要在"应当减轻或者免除处罚"的基础上增加"应当从轻处罚"规定。犯罪后自首又有一般立功的刑事责任无立法规定,比较适宜采用"应当从轻或减轻处罚"的原则来解决。

On the Criminal Liability of Rendering Meritorious Service

The criminal liability of rendering meritorious service is "may penalize leniently or penalize alleviatively",but "may" is not equal to "should".The criminal liability of rendering significant meritorious service is "may penalize alleviatively or exempt penalty",not including "may penalize leniently".Voluntary surrenderer after committing a crime,one who renders significant meritorious service should penalize alleviatively or exempt penalty.This rule applies to the criminal who commits a severe crime,which is obviously inappropriate.Therefore it is necessary to add "should penalize leniently" to "should penalize alleviatively or exempt penalty".There is no rule about the criminal liability for one surrendering voluntarily and rendering meritorious service, which is more suitable for adopting "should penalize leniently or alleviatively".