民族主义与近代中国三大思潮的双向互动

民族主义是一种具有统领、涵盖、弥漫其他思潮特点的综合性的社会思潮,它蕴藏在每一个现代思潮里。被称为三大思潮的激进主义、保守主义、自由主义,与民族主义就有着密切的互动与对应关系。民族主义是三大思潮的并生系统,是三大思潮的同源潜流,是三大思潮所共同具有的致思取向、思维特征与"共同观念"。但是,三大思潮对民族主义诉求的表现形式、表达方式却有所不同。三大思潮对民族主义诉求的表达可区分为激进民族主义(革命民族主义)、自由民族主义(理性民族主义)、保守型民族主义(文化保守主义)三种民族主义的次元类型:激进主义与民族主义的基本连接点在于通过激进手段建立民族国家;自由主义与民族主义的交集点是建立自由民主宪政的现代民族国家,争取国家自由;保守主义与民族主义的交集点、契合点最多,以至有的研究者认为文化保守主义与文化民族主义是一回事。

The Interaction between Nationalism and Three Trends of Thoughts in Modern China

As a comprehensive trend of thoughts guiding and permeating other ideological thoughts, nationalism has close relations with the so-called "three main trends of thoughts", ie., radicalism, conservatism and liberalism. Having the same sources and made of thinking, nationalism shares a symbiotic system with the three trends of thoughts. However, the manifestations of the tree trends of thoughts as nationalism are different, which can be classified into radical nationalism or revolutionary nationalism, liberal nationalism or rational nationalism, and conservative nationalism or cultural conservatism. The common links between radicalism and nationalism is to build a national country by radical means; the convergence between liberalism and nationalism is to construct a modern national country with a constitutional government; and conservatism and nationalism have so many common characters that some scholars think that cultural conservatism and cultural nationalism are the same thing.