重建当代文学审美批评

受制于高校文学教育体制,中国当代文学批评总体上很不成熟。这种不成熟主要表现为审美批评的缺失和混乱。中国当代文学批评主要有社会文化批评、审美批评和现代批评三种模式。当前社会文化批评是文学批评的主流和主体,审美批评则地位尴尬,虽然理论上大家都承认它的价值和作用,但实际上其受重视程度不高、影响也有限。文学最重要的特性就是"文学性",即泛审美性,所以,审美批评是首要的批评,其它文学批评都是建立在审美批评的基础上。当今中国文学批评中,真正的审美批评还相当欠缺。重建当代文学审美批评,首先要充分学习古今中外审美批评的经验,其次要在学习的基础上,进行新的整合、丰富发展并系统化,从而形成新的审美批评体系。文学的审美特征、呈现方式、写作技巧、文体、语言文字是文学审美批评最重要的问题。

Reconstruction of Contemporary Literary Aesthetic Criticism

Chinese contemporary literary criticism is very immature on the whole which is limited by the system of university literary education.The immaturity is mainly manifested as the lack and disorder of aesthetic criticism.Chinese contemporary literary criticism is mainly classified into three patterns:social and cultural criticism,aesthetic criticism and modern criticism.Social and cultural criticism is the mainstream and mainstay of literary criticism.Although the value and effects of aesthetic criticism are accepted in theory,in fact,its low emphasis and limited influences put it in an embarrassing position.Literaturiness is the most important characteristics of literature,that is the pan-aesthetics.So aesthetic criticism is the principal criticism,others are based on it.The real aesthetic criticism is quite deficient in contemporary Chinese literary criticism.In order to reconstruct it,first of all,we should fully learn the experience in ancient and modern times,Chinese and foreign aesthetic criticism,on this basis,then integrate,enrich and develop and systematize,form new system of aesthetic criticism.The most important questions of literary aesthetic criticism are literary aesthetic characteristics,presentation,writing techniques,style and language characters.