我国过度教育现状及其影响因素探究

本文利用非参数检验和定序回归的统计分析方法,探究了我国目前普遍存在的就职者学历与其职位要求学历不匹配的现状,并进一步通过回归得出了影响该现象发生的主导因素,发现学历水平、家庭人口数、所在公司的所有制及规模对于被调查者过度教育程度具有显著的影响,其中港澳台资公司存在职工过度教育现象的可能性要大于私有/民营企业,而大型公司比小型、中型公司更容易出现职工过度教育的情况.本文在以往研究的基础上,提出以过度教育的年数来划分过度教育的程度,并以此作为定序变量探究其影响因素,据此提出了缓解我国过度教育现状的建议.

Study on the Over-education and Its Influential Factors in China

This paper employs nonparametric testing methods and ordinal regression to study the prevailing mismatch between job and education, also known as over-education, concerning the Chinese labor market. Empirical results suggest that the malfunction of the labor market should be ascribed to individuals' education level, their size of household, the ownership and scale of the affiliated companies. Over-education is more likely to happen in foreign companies, especially in those from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, rather than mainland based ones. As for the company scales, large companies feature most of the over-education. Specified methods, like the measuring of the intensity of over-education and the introducing of ordinal regression, make this paper distinguish from the existing literatures. At last, pertinent suggestions are proposed to alleviate the over-education.