北方草原重要古文化区氏族的经济形态--兼论北狄与西戎何时成为游牧部落

广义的北方,指包括我国东北、北部、西方及西南偏北的一部分,地垮西藏至黑龙江的辽阔地区,基本与通常所说的"草原"或古代"游牧"部落地域相当.狭义的北方,指辽宁省辽河以东至内蒙古西境及陇西,即考古界称的"以燕山南北长城地带为重心的北方文化区."相比而言,黄河中游、下游的农耕氏族部落先民,迁入"狭义"北方与中原交界地带者较多(尤其是耕牧交错地区),迁入其它的北方地域者较少.按传统说法,父系氏族社会(即"五帝"时代)形成的"五大民族集团"中,"西戎"与"北狄"是以畜牧业为主的游牧民族,而广义北方区域内的新石器时代文化遗存,却反映出绝大部分地区的氏族或部落还处在渔猎、农业或农牧并重的阶段.

Economic Formation of the Clans in the Important Cultural Region of the Northern Grassland:A Concurrent Analysis on the Time of Bei Di and Xi Rong Became the Nomadic Tribe

The North in a broad sense is a vast area from Tibet to Heilongjiang, including the northeast, the north, the west and the north of the southwest area of China, and is said as the "prairie" or the "nomadic" area in the ancient. While the North in a narrow sense refers to the east from Liao He till the west of Inner Mongolia and Longxi, namely the "northern cultural region" called by the archaeologists. Comparatively many ancestors of the agricultural clans from the middle and the lower reaches of the Yellow River moved to the North in a narrow sense. According the traditional views, "Xirong" and "Beidi" among the "five nationalities" of the patrilineal clan society were the nomadic tribes going in for animal husbandry. However the remains from the New Stone Age show that most of the clans living in the areas of the North in a vast sense were still in the stage of fishing and hunting, agricultural or farming and animal husbandry.