儒学的人文——反人文悖论与人的全面发展

儒学作为源远流长的传统观念文化系统,它蕴含着不少"文化悖论",从中既可窥测到人文主义的要素和特点,又可发现不少非人文乃至反人文的文化特质.儒家的人文主义思想特质主要表现在弱宗教、内在超越、天人分立、重人、民本和重人文等六个方面.它的非人文主义乃至反人文主义特质主要表现在带有宿命论倾向、缺乏感性自然和世俗功利的诉求、抹杀人的个性和贬低个人的价值,以及把人文自然化等层面.儒学的人文主义和非人文主义特性给人的全面发展带来了积极和消极的双重效应.

On the Paradox of Humanism and Anti-humanism in Confucianism and Human's Full Development

Confucianism, as a system of traditional cultural value with a very long history, has a "cultural paradox" thereby we can see both humanist factors and non-humanist or even anti-humanist features within it. The humanist characteristics of Confucianism show itself in six respects, so as its indifference in religion, calling for interior transcendence and division of heaven and secularity, and emphasis on life of populace and worldliness, as well as its humanism. And Confucian features of non-humanism or anti-humanism can be found in its fatalist inclination, and lack of desires for worldly utilities, as well as its obliteration of man's individuality and depreciation of individual value. The mixture of these paradoxical features had brought about certain positive effects as well as negative ones upon human's full development.