论晚清湖南资产阶级的独特构成

湖南资产阶级由商业资本家、手工业资本家、产业资本家和金融资本家构成。这些资本家在整个资产阶级中的地位和能量不一样。商业资本家最先登上湖南的历史舞台 ,由于既可分沾外国产业资本的利润 ,又能获得国内产业资本和封建商业的利润 ,从事商业的人们较多 ,商业资本主义相对繁荣。手工业资本家因其人数众多 ,所占资本总额大而占居主导地位。产业资本家虽然人数少 ,但其投资单个企业的资本总额远远超过其他行业的单个企业的资本总额 ,因而在社会政治经济生活中具有举足轻重的作用。金融资本家从封建的钱庄主人、商人演变而来。由于产业资本欠发达 ,导致近代的金融业相对落后 ,金融资本家相对较少

The Unique Constitution of Hunan Bourgeoisie in Late Qing Dynasty

Hunan Bourgeoisie was constituted by commercial capitalists, financial capitalists, handicraft capitalists and industrial capitalists. The commercial capitalist were the first ones to come on the stage of Hunan history . They not only shared the profits of foreign industrial capitals, but alao gained the profits of domestic industrial capitals and feudalistic commerce. Thus, the development of commercial capitalism was relatively prosperous. Because the big population, the handicraft capitalists covered a large part in the total capitals and occupied a leading position. Though they were few industrial capitalists, the majority of the enterprises they invested were modernized companies, so they played a crucial role in the society's political and economic life . Financial capitalists derived from feudalistic private bank owners and merchants. Because the industrial capitals were not fully developed , there were relatively few financial capitalists.