现代小说叙事主体的分化及其比较

叙事主体主要包括隐含作者和叙述者,传统小说中二者基本一致,普遍信奉叙述者权威的原则。在传统小说向现代小说的转变中,叙事主体以及主体的评价都发生了变化。由于中西现代小说的内涵不同,导致这些变化也出现了差异:西方现代小说打破了传统“全知叙事”的方式,其主体分化动摇了叙述者权威,主体评价侧重从传统的单一评价转向多重评价;中国现代小说摆脱了传统白话“口述”方式的“全知叙事”,基本上仍信奉叙述者权威,主体评价侧重从传统的显性评价转向隐性评价。在新时期,中国小说也出现了西方意义上的叙事主体分化。

On the Division and Comparison of Modern Novel's Narrative Subject

Narrative subject mainly includes an implied author and a narrator, which are basically in common in traditional novels, which generally believe in the principle of the narrator's authority. With the change from traditional novels to modern novels, narrative subject and subject's appraise are both changed. The different connotations between Chinese modern novels and western ones cause the differences in the changes above. For example, the traditional way of omniscient narrative is broken in western modern novels and their subjects' division shakes narrator's authority. And the western modern novels put the emphasis on the change from traditional single appraise to appraises from different angles in the aspect of subject's appraise. However Chinese modern novels shake off the omniscient narrative of the traditional oral way in Baihua, and at the same time believe in the narrator's authority. And the Chinese ones put the emphasis on the change from traditional obvious appraise to implied one in the aspect of subject's appraise. The so-called subject's division, which is the same as the western ones, appeared in China after the New Period.