多制度环境下我国的环境治理困境:产生机理与治理策略

我国环境污染治理中存在着执行偏差以及污染反复出现等问题,要求对环境治理的多主体逻辑进行系统的分析。多制度环境的分析框架关注复杂制度环境对行为主体的影响,有助于厘清我国环境治理困境的形成机制。研究发现中央政府、地方政府、企业和社会公众作为环境治理的主体,在实践中分别遵循国家逻辑、科层逻辑、市场逻辑和效用逻辑,不同行为逻辑和动机容易产生逻辑冲突或不协调,不利于形成环境治理合力。对此,提出相应的治理策略：在中央政府层面,实现由“运动式”环保督察向常态化督察的转变,建立环保督察的社会化参与体系;在地方政府层面,提升环保绩效的重要性,建立地方政府环境保护努力指数;在企业层面,鼓励企业进行环保技术创新和应用,建立企业环保“红黑榜”,激发企业绿色生产的潜力;在社会公众层面,加强环保宣教,维护公众的环保参与权利。

China's Environmental Governance Dilemma in a Multi-institutional Environment: Mechanism and Strategy

The problem such as implementation bias and pollution recurrence in China''s environmental pollution control requires systematic analysis of multi-agent logic of environmental governance. In the analysis framework of multi-institutional environment, close attention is paid to the influence of complex institutional environment on behavioral actors, which helps to clarify the formation mechanism of China''s environmental governance dilemma. The study found that the central government, local governments, enterprises and the public, as the main actors of environmental governance, follow the national logic, bureaucratic logic, market logic and utility logic in practice. Different behavioral logics and motivations are prone to logical conflicts or inconsistencies. In this regard, the corresponding governance strategy is proposed:at the central government level, transit from "sports-style" environmental inspectors to normalized inspectors, and establish a socialized participation system for environmental protection inspectors; at the local government level, improve the importance of environmental performance and establish local government environmental protection efforts index; at the enterprise level, encourage enterprises to carry out environmental protection technology innovation and application, establish corporate environmental protection "red and black list", and stimulate the potential of enterprises'' green production; at the public level, strengthen environmental protection education and maintain the public''s right to participation in environmental protection.