城市蔓延、人口规模与生产效率——来自中国企业数据的证据

随着中国城市规模不断向外低密度式地扩张,城市蔓延所带来的外部性与生产效率之间的关系逐渐成为城市经济领域的热点研究话题。为此,在借助外部性理论讨论城市蔓延对生产效率的影响机制之后,运用中国制造业企业数据从微观层面系统探讨了城市蔓延对企业生产效率的动态影响。研究发现,中国制造业企业整体的生产效率随着城市蔓延水平的持续提高呈现先降后升的正U型特征;城市人口规模的扩张能够显著地改善企业的生产效率。同时,城市蔓延在一定程度上削弱了人口规模对企业生产效率的促进作用。进一步分样本检验结果显示,城市蔓延对不同城市规模、不同行业乃至不同生产规模的企业生产效率的影响不尽一致,这为中国各地区从生产效率视角制定城市规划政策提供了一定的现实依据。

Urban sprawl, population and production efficiency: The evidence from Chinese enterprises data

With the expanding of city scale and low density horizontal sprawl, the relationship between the economic growth and the externality from city sprawl gradually becomes a hot research topic in the field of urban economy. Therefore, this paper deeply investigates the impact of city sprawl on enterprises'' total factor productivity based on China''s manufacturing enterprise data. The empirical results show that the relationship between production efficiency of manufacturing enterprises and city sprawl appears U-shape development trend, and the expansion of population could significantly improve production efficiency of manufacturing enterprises. Meanwhile, urban sprawl weakens the positive effect of population on production efficiency of enterprises in some degree. Further sample test indicates that the impacts of urban sprawl on production efficiency are different in different cities, industries, and enterprises, which could provide empirical evidence for formulating urban planning policies.