老年人精神需求立法保障研究

老年人既有物质上的需求,也有精神上的需求。相对于物质上的供养,精神需求是更为独特而且重要的。老年人精神需求是归属与爱的需求、尊重需求及自我实现需求的集合体,而对其进行立法保障是保护老年人精神需求的基础,符合保障人权、正义价值的本质要求,有利于维护老年人的正当权益。在日益严峻的老龄化形势下,当代中国对于老年人精神需求立法保障存在立法过少、层级不统一,老年人权益保障法约束性、操作性不强,相关法律制度尚待完善等问题。对此,可通过规范老年人精神需求立法、细化老年人权益保障法的具体内容,制定老年人精神权益保障相关配套法规、强化政府管理职责,完善老年人权益保护法律制度、健全老年人精神服务体系等措施来保障老年人精神需求。

Research on Legislation Guarantee of Spiritual Needs of the Elderly

The elderly have both physical and spiritual needs.Spiritual needs are more unique and important than material support.The spiritual needs of the elderly include a collection of belonging and love needs, respect for needs and self-fulfilling needs. Legislation guarantee is the basis for protecting the spiritual needs of the elderly, and meets the essential requirements for safeguarding human rights and justice values, which is beneficial to maintain the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly.Under the increasingly severe aging situation, contemporary China has too little legislation and hierarchical disunity for the protection of the spiritual needs of the elderly. The law on the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly is not binding and the operation is not strong, and the relevant legal systems have yet to be improved. Therefore, it can protect the spiritual needs of the elderly by regulating the legislation on the spiritual needs of the elderly, refining the specific content of the law on the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly, the relevant provisions on the protection of the mental rights of the elderly, strengthening the government management responsibilities, improving the legal system for the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly, and improving the spirit of the elderly measures such as the service system.