中国未来民法典物权变动模式的立法选择

对于物权变动模式,中国《物权法》采取的是以债权形式主义为原则、以债权意思主义为例外的二元化立法模式。二元化立法模式将给未来中国民法典的协调性和一致性带来障碍,因而有必要建立一元化的物权变动模式。在保障交易安全和交易效率两个立法价值的视角下评析目前世界上3种主要物权变动立法模式的优劣,认为债权形式主义能更好地兼顾交易安全和效率,建议未来的中国民法典应当采取一元化债权形式主义的物权变动模式。

Legislation selection of changing mode of property rights in future Civil Code of China

For the changing mode of property rights, dualistic legislation pattern is taken by the Property Law of People’s Republic of China, which adopts the principle of formalism of creditor’s rights with the exception of intentionalism of creditor’s rights. The dualistic pattern will become an obstacle to the compatibility and consistence of the future Civil Code of China, thus a unified changing mode of property rights is necessarily to be established. From perspectives of two legislation values of ensuring the security of business and the efficiency of business, the advantages and disadvantages of three main legislation modes of property rights changing in the world are reviewed and evaluated. It is believed that the formalism of creditor’s rights can reconcile the security and efficiency of business better. Suggestion is brought forward that the future Civil Code of China should adopts the changing mode of property rights of unified formalism of creditor’s rights.