体制分割与中国城镇居民的住房差异

在混合经济形态下，“市场”与“再分配”权力之间的良性制衡的关系尚未形成，相反却在一定程度上对社会不平等的形成表现出层叠效应。对住房不平等的经验分析表明，当前（住房市场化时期）的住房不平等状况很大一部分是由房改前的住房分配过程和住房私有化改革过程导致的，社会成员越是接近体制的核心部门，其住房优势就越突出。这一经验研究发现表明，制度变革的渐进性和路径依赖使得根植于体制分割的社会不平等在尚未充分消退的同时，改革之前导致社会差异形成的体制分割因素依然在一定程度上活跃于当前的社会不平等中，且有可能会随着市场化的推进叠加于源自于市场的社会不平等，甚至经由市场的作用进一步延续并放大。

Institutional Segmentation and Housing Inequality in Urban China

Studies on early socialist societies found that ideological, political processes, especially the changes of national policies had effects on social inequality. Had the market oriented reforms changed this mechanism of social inequality? With the subsidence of debates aroused by Victor Nee’s market transition theory, attention has been paid to the relationship between the mechanism of market and the mechanism of “redistribution”(or socialist institution) again, and the effects of institutional environment on social inequality have been highlighted too. This paper suggests that the current fixed forms of economy of China might have intensified social inequality due to the lack of a balance between “market” factors and “redistribution” power. Empirical analysis on housing inequality in this paper shows, today’s housing inequality in urban China has not only been caused by the market, but also by the housing allocation system before the housing reform, and the institutional segmentation can still be found in housing inequality. The empirical analysis suggests that institutional factors still have effects on social inequality, and at some point they can reinforce inequalities caused by the market.