三音节合成词的结构类型及层次

三音节的三语素合成词在汉语的词汇系统中占有较为重要的一席之地 ,不应该受到忽略。其结构方式远比双音节的双语素合成词复杂多样 ,大大超出一般词汇书上所认定的几种结构形式。可分作两个大类 :复合型与缀加型。复合型中以偏正形式为绝对优势 ,偏正式中又以“定+中”型为优势 ,体现出汉语三音节合成词强烈的名词化倾向。由于偏正式在三音节中的特殊地位 ,主要探讨这一类型的各种结构方式及其性质与组合关系。

A Comprehensive Study on the Structure of the Three-syllable Compounds

The three morpheme compounds with three syllables take a comparatively important place in Chinese vocabulary, which should not be neglected. The structure patterns of the three morpheme compounds are much more complicated than those of the two morpheme compounds and the varieties of their patterns surpass those generally recognized in many vocabulary books. They can be divided into two main kinds: compound and derived patterns. The modifier center form (Pianzhen form in Chinese)holds a position of absolute superiority in the compound patterns, while the"attribute plus center"form stands in a superior position in the modifier center form, which shows a strong inclination of nouns of the three syllable compounds. Because of the special position of the modifier center form, what will be talked about most in this article are the various structure patterns, the characteristics and the combinative relations of these forms.