明清之际启蒙思想家论风俗、教化和国运兴衰

中国历代的英明统治者和有识之士都重视风俗和教化在国家治理和社会控制中的作用,并有大量论述。顾炎武、王夫之和唐甄等明清之际的启蒙思想家深刻反思和总结明亡的惨痛教训,认为明代、特别是明末风俗和教化衰坏和士习窳败是其中的重要原因。他们在全面考察中国历代风习变迁、教化行废与国运兴衰关系的基础上,继承和发展中国儒家重视以风教治国的思想,从不同角度和层面对风俗(气)变迁与国家兴衰、行教化与正风俗、振士风与兴国运等问题进行了新的理论思考与阐发。他们的思想不仅具有重要理论价值,也有积极的现实借鉴意义。

On Customs, Civilizing and Nation's prosperity and Decadence of illuminative ideologists in the period of the late Ming Dynasty and the beginning Qing Dynasty

Rulers and scholar-bureaucrat in Chinese history attached all importance to the action of the ruling policy about custom and civilizing.Many illuminative ideologists including Gu yanwu,Wang fuzhi and Tang zhen thought all that the depravity of custom and civilizing were the significant causes of the Ming Dynasty to be conquered.After carefully investigating on the phenomenon,they carried forward the tradition of the Confucianism of ruling by civilizing,and expounded customs,civilizing and Nation's prosperity and Decadence in many new ways.Their thought not only have values of theory,but also can be learned a lot in nowadays.