孝是仁之“生意发端处”——王阳明仁孝关系思想探析

"仁"和"孝"是儒家思想的核心概念范畴,在一定意义上,儒家文化可被称为仁孝文化。对于"仁""孝"之间的关系,中国古代很多学者进行了阐述,主要形成了两种观点。汉唐学者多认为孝是仁之本,孝在先,仁在后;宋明学者则倾向于认为仁是孝之本,孝是行仁之本。王阳明是心学的集大成者,在"良知"的基础上重新定位了仁和孝,他认为仁是良知之理,与良知不可分割,孝是良知与物(事亲)相感发出的表德。在仁孝关系方面,王阳明既沿袭了程朱的观点,又进行了新的阐发。他认为,仁是体,是孝的人性依据,孝是仁的发用流行,且是仁的先发。仁发用为爱,孝是爱亲,在所有的仁爱中最为真诚深厚。仁爱具有普遍性,但往往因条件受限而无法实现。在此情况下,王阳明认为应遵循"优先原则",孝被置于最优先的位置。

Filial Piety is the "Life Starting Point" of Ren-Study on WANG Yang-ming's Understanding of Relationship between Ren and Filial Piety

"Ren" and "Filial Piety" are the core concept of Confucianism. In a certain sense, Confucian culture can be referred to as Ren and Filial Piety Culture. For the relationship between "Ren" and "Filial Piety", many ancient Chinese scholars have carried on elaboration to it, and mainly formed two views. The Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty scholars believed that Filial Piety is the foundation of Ren. Song and Ming scholars tend to think that Ren is the foundation of Filial Piety, Filial Piety is the foundation of reaching Ren. Ren is the rationality of Intuitive Knowledge, Filial Piety is the Intuitive Knowledge''s performance in the case of sever the father.WANG Yang-ming is the Master of Mind Theories. He refined the "Ren" and "Filial Piety" on the basis of "Intuitive Knowledge". In the aspect of relationship between Ren and Filial Piety, he not only followed Cheng-Zhu''s view, but also have new explication. Ren, he argues, is the substance, Filial Piety is the function, and is the first function. The function of Ren is love. Filial Piety is love parents, is the most sincere and deepest love. Ren is universal, but it is often impossible to achieve because of the limitation of condition. In this case, WANG Yang-ming believes that should follow "principle of priority". Filial Piety is placed in the top priority.