正当防卫界限判定转向的证成——基于自由与秩序的动态平衡

中国现行正面耦合式的正当防卫界限判定标准强化了防卫人的防卫义务,凸显国家权力本位理念,导致正当防卫制度在定罪实践中适用率较低,根源在于公权力对法秩序价值的过分迷信与推崇,挤压了私人自决的行动空间。自由是法治的价值核心,秩序是法治的价值基础,均应涵摄于社会情势的变化并在此基础上实现价值平衡。社会转型期中国的正当防卫界限判定标准迫切需要转向。从正面耦合式转向负面清单式,从功利主义转向公正主义。在此基础上基于自由与秩序的动态平衡,实现刑法善治,助益于国家治理能力和体系现代化。

Studies of the Boundaries of Self-defense Shift-Based on the Dynamic Balance between Freedom and Order

The existing boundaries of self-defense which is positive coupling increase the burden of defender, reflect a strong concept of state power, These lead to the applicable of the self-defense is so low in the conviction practice. Maybe the reason is public authority pay a lot attention and esteem of the value of law order. Freedom is the core value of the law, order is the basis value of law, Both freedom or order must according to the social situations changes and make the value choose. The boundaries of self-defense need shift urgently especially in the social transition, from positive coupling to adverse list, from utilitarianism to social fairness. So, base on the dynamic balance between freedom and order, make a good law governance, help the national governance capacity and system modernization.