范式转换视角下的清代民国契约文书研究

清代民国契约文书作为史料的学术价值，已经受到了学界的广泛认可，相关研究成果丰硕，对各个时期中国历史的书写都有着不同程度的影响。回顾其发展进程，发现有关学者多以其研究主题为类别，分类详细展示和说明研究的具体内容，对于背后理论范式的变迁虽有注意，但未有系统的归纳和总结。理论范式对于契约文书研究来说意义重大，其对研究的基本关怀、研究主题、史料选择等各方面产生了重要影响，不同时期契约文书范式的转换和更新也对于重构整体中国历史叙事有着重要贡献。本文以研究范式及其转换为视角，将近百年的清代民国契约文书研究历程划分为对于西方概念和理论的移植与调适、从中国自身语境出发讨论民间自生秩序与自发市场，以及新时期范式转换下的理论危机三个时期，从而尝试对其研究变迁进行体系结构的说明解释和理论层面的整体把握。近年来，历史理论和现实社会的变化使得契约文书研究在不断深入发展的同时，也遇到了范式转换下“失范”的困境，碎片化的倾向使得很多研究难以与学术界的基本议题进行对话，也难以深入理解和认知中国区域和整体社会。在目前契约文书搜集数量快速增加的情况下，其研究学术价值的增长离不开理论范式的指引。近年来，学界对于总体史和区域...

Review of Document Based Studies during the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China from a Paradigm Shift Perspective

The academic value of documents during the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China has been widely recognised by domestic and foreign scholars. For nearly a century, there has been a solid number of studies based on those documents published, which played an essential role in shaping historical narratives. Most reviews of document-based studies used research themes as categories to show and explain in detail the specific content of their studies. At the same time, the paradigm shifts in different periods have been acknowledged, yet not systematically summarised. This paradigm is of great significance to documental studies, impacting primary concerns, themes, selection of documents, and paradigm shifts in said documental studies throughout different periods which have also contributed to the shifts of overall China''s historical narrative. Taking the paradigm shift as a perspective, this article divides the studies of history on documents of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China into three periods:the transplantation and adaptation of Western concepts and theories; the discussion of the self-generated order and spontaneous market from China''s own context; and the crisis under the paradigm shift in the new period, thus attempting to explain the systematic structure and theoretical level of the studies of documents. The recent changes in historical theory and the real world have led to the studies of documents, which in the process of developing further have also encountering the dilemma of "losing the paradigm" under the paradigm shift. In recent years, with the rapidly increasing number of documents collected and published, the growth of their academic value cannot be fully realized without the guidance of an appropriate paradigm. Currently, some scholars'' arguments about "general history" and regional comparisons might conduce to a paradigm shift in the study of documents. As "one of the main historical materials for rewriting China''s history", under the breakthrough and innovation of paradigm, documents during the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China are expected to be used to create a new future not only in the study of documents but China''s history studies.