虐待被监护、看护人罪司法适用的问题与完善——基于实证分析的研究进路

《刑法修正案（九）》增设虐待被监护人、看护人罪，该罪的增加改变了原虐待罪的第一款“告诉才处理”的模式；此外将虐待行为的主体也进行了扩大，由具有家庭关系的人员扩大至对未成年人、老年人、患病的人、残疾人等负有监护、看护职责的人。该罪已经历7年的司法实践，虽然在加强对未成年人、老人、患病的人和残疾人的保护方面起到了一定作用，但是在实践中却遇到了主体和犯罪对象认识不正确、“情节恶劣”难以把握等问题。针对司法实践中的问题，应出台相关司法解释，进一步明确虐待被监护、看护人的行为主体或者去身份化，明确解释该罪的犯罪对象，以及明确界定“情况恶劣”，这样既能够维护法律的权威和稳定，又能够有效打击虐待类犯罪，充分保证弱势群体的合法权益。

The Application and Improvement of the Crime of Abusing the People in Custody or TendanceFrom the Perspective of Empirical Research

The Criminal Law Amendment (9) added the crime of maltreating the ward and carer, which changed the first paragraph of the original crime of maltreatment, “only when told”. In addition, the subject of abuse has also been expanded, from those who have family relations to those who are responsible for guardianship and care of minors, the elderly, the sick, the disabled, etc. The crime has experienced seven years of judicial practice. Although it has played a certain role in strengthening the protection of minors, the elderly, the sick and the disabled, it has encountered problems in practice, such as incorrect understanding of the subject and the target of the crime, and difficult to grasp the “bad circumstances”. In view of the problems in judicial practice, relevant judicial interpretations should be issued to further clarify the subject or identification of the abuse of guardians and caregivers, clearly explain the target of the crime, and clearly define the “bad situation”, which can not only maintain the authority and stability of the law, but also effectively combat abuse crimes, and fully ensure the legitimate rights and interests of vulnerable groups.