我国土地承包经营权的立法实践与发展趋势

从《宪法》、《土地管理法》、《民法通则》、《土地承包经营法》、《农业法》到《物权法》,我国围绕土地使用制度进行了一系列的改革探索和立法实践,逐步建立了以家庭承包经营为基础的统分结合的双层经营体制和用益物权性质的土地承包经营权有中国特色的农村土地制度。土地承包经营权的立法目标经历了从确保农民＂温饱＂向促进农民＂发展＂的转变过程,通过农民的生存保障确保农村稳定和确保全国粮食基本战略目标的实现。我国农村经济的未来发展状况使得土地承包经营权呈现出由有期限权利向无期限权利发展,由非商品性权利向商品性权利发展,由非融资性权利向融资性权利发展,由身份性权利向契约性权利发展的趋势。

Practice and Trend of Legislation for Contractual Land Management Right in China

From "Constitution","Land Control law","General Provisions of the Civil Law","Land Management Contracting Law","Agricultural Law" to "Property Law",China carried on a series of reforms regarding the land use system to explore and to legislate the practice,and has gradually established a rural land system of two-tier management with the Chinese characteristics,which takes the household contractual undertaking management right as the foundation.The goal of legislation for contractual land management right experienced the process of transformation from guaranteeing farmers to get enough food and clothing to promoting them to become well-off,through farmer’s survival safeguard to guaranteed the stability of rural areas and the realization of the national strategic goal of grain production.It is anticipated that the development condition of future rural economy will make the contractual land management right to change from one with deadline to that without deadline,from non-commercial to commercial,from one without financing right to that with financing right,and from one of status right to that of contractual right.