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Assessing emotional and social health using photographs: An innovative research method for rural studies and its applicability in a care-farming program for youth
Institution:1. The Hopkins Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, University Drive, Meadowbrook, Queensland, 4131, Australia;2. Synapse, 262 Montague Road, West End, Queensland, 4101, Australia;3. Recovery Injury Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia;4. Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Parklands, 4029, Australia;5. Centre for Applied Health Economics, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia;6. Department for Health, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom;7. Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology Environments and Design, College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia;8. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Queensland, 4122, Australia;9. Department of Tourism, Sport & Hotel Management, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia;10. Griffith Health, Griffith University, Queensland, 4122, Australia;1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, USA;2. Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Health Administration and Policy, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA;1. Department of Economics and Economic History, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES, Spain;2. Department of the Vice-presidency and of Economy and Finance, Government of Catalonia, ES, Spain;1. University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Nursing, 2402 University Drive, Kearney, NE 68849-4510, USA;2. University of Nebraska, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE 68182 USA;3. University of Nebraska, 2504 9th Ave., Kearney, NE 68849, USA;4. University of Nebraska Medical Center, 42nd and Emile, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;1. RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194 Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, United States;2. 2M Research, 10 Glenlake Pkwy, Suite 130, Atlanta, GA, 30328, United States;1. Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands;2. Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Abstract:A framework for assessing photographs for the emotional and social health of young people (SHAPE) is described and tested, within the context of a rural program. Two independent raters assessed the photographs of participants. To assess inter-rater reliability, Cohen’ K and Kendall’s W were calculated. The two reviewers’ assessments of photographs were in agreement. The assessment of emotional/behavioural display showed 82% agreement. Agreement between reviewers’ judgements of proxemics (W = .866), interaction (W = .722), engagement (W = .932) and overall impression (W = .804) were all significant (p < .005). The method yielded results indicating that participants found gardening immediately engaging but their approach to equines exhibited a change from fascination to confidence during the program. The visual-diary method is a useful and sensitive method for research: where resources are limited; to complement traditional measures; for use with people who lack appropriate verbal communication or literacy skills to complete questionnaires; young children; other underrepresented groups.
Keywords:Rural health services  Research design  Equine-assisted psychotherapy  Horticultural therapy  Bonding  Human-pet  Community-based participatory research  Photograph analysis
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