明代潮州对外贸易研究

明代,潮州私人海外贸易兴盛,主要外贸对象有日本、暹罗、爪哇、葡萄牙、西班牙、荷兰等国。外贸特点主要表现为“下海通番”、“做地通番”和“劫掠通番”三种形式。其出口商品主要是丝绸、瓷器、铁器等大宗货物,也有各种生活用品;进口货物多为贵金属和香料等高档消费品。在潮州的对外贸易中,“粮食贸易”发挥了独特的推动作用。

Foreign Trade of Chaozhou in Ming Dynasty

Private foreign trade of Chaozhou flourished in the Ming dynasty, whose main trade partners were Japan, Siam, Java, Portugal, Spain, Holland, etc. The trade can generally be divided into three types, foreign trade on the sea, on the mainland and through robbing. The chief exports were silk, china, and ironware, together with some kinds of daily used things, and the chief imports were high grade consumer goods, such as rare metal and spice. In the foreign trade of Chaozhou, the crop trade played a special role as the motive force.