清朝治理新疆的民族政策评析

清朝统一新疆后,因地制宜的采取了一系列民族政策,主要包括制定了因俗而治的行政管理制度;招抚任用少数民族上层的政策;利用和限制宗教的政策以及民族隔离政策等。这些政策对维护新疆稳定,促进新疆政治经济和社会发展曾起到过积极作用;但清朝国家和民族思想的矛盾二重性使得这些政策也隐含着诸多弊端,为后来乃至当代中国解决新疆民族问题留下了隐患。

Review of the National Policy Under the Qing Dynasty Administration in Xinjiang

After Xinjiang was united, the Qing Government implemented, in line with local conditions, a series of national policies: formulated administrative systems in light of local customs and traditions, offered amnesty and enlistment to the upper class of minorities, made use of and restricted religion and national segregation policy. These policies played an active role in safeguarding stability and promoting the developments of politics, economy and society in Xinjiang. However, the dual nature of the Qing Dynasty and its national ideologies included many defects in implementing these policies, which leaves a source of further troubles in handling national issues even in present China.