清初至民初反王权主义思潮史简论

清初即17世纪中叶自黄宗羲发轫,顾炎武、王夫之等跟进对王权主义的批判,是史来首次以之为整体目标与对象展开的政治伦理哲学批判,亦是一次以天下和万民为主、君为客的思想启蒙运动。这股思潮后来曾因严苛的文字狱而中断发展,然至晚清由龚自珍吹响号角,洪秀全擂起战鼓且推向前进,继之遂有维新派引入西学结合中学进行系统全面地再批判将之推向高潮。而辛亥革命派更以民主共和废帝制说对这股思潮作了哲学历史性的理论总结,从而完成了反王权专制和古典民主观向近代民权观转化的双重任务。

Discussion on the thoughts of anti-king-powerism from the early Qing Dynasty to the early republic of China

The criticize, happened in the early period of Qing Dynasty, which initiated by Huang Zong-xi and followed by Gu Yan-wu and Wang Fu-zhi, was the first time to make the king-powerism as the critical goal and object in Chinese history. It was also the enlightenment of thoughts in taking people as main body. The thoughts were discontinued as a result of literary persecution. During the late of Qing Dynasty, this criticize was sponsored again by Gong Zi-zhen, pushed forward by Hong Xiu-quan, and with the introduction of western learning , it was pushed to climax by Reform Group. In the revolution of 1911, the revolutionary made a theoretical summary to these critical thoughts, and thereby fulfilled the double duty of anti-king-power autocracy and making the classical view of democracy turn to modern view of civil rights.