Effects of ethical leadership on emotional exhaustion in high moral intensity situations |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, The University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX 77204-6021, United States;2. College of Business, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates;3. van Driel Consulting, 629 Vrebenia Dr., Satellite Beach, FL 32937, United States;4. Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, 366 Tuskegee Airmen Drive, Patrick Air Force Base, FL 32925-3399, United States;5. College of Business and Public Policy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, RH-306, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States;1. Department of Management, University of Mannheim, 68161 Mannheim, Germany;2. Department of Business Administration, University of Potsdam, 14482 Potsdam, Germany;3. HR Strategy & Organizational Effectiveness, Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Henkelstraße 67, 40589 Düsseldorf, Germany;1. Nicholls State University, P. O. Box 2015, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA;2. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska, 248 Teachers College Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0345, USA;3. Psychology Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;4. Research, Innovation, and Product Development, Center for Creative Leadership, One Leadership Place, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA;5. Development Dimensions International, 20750 Civic Center Drive, Suite 350, Southfield, MI 48076, USA;1. Duke University, Durham, NC, United States;2. University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States;3. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States;1. Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa (Portugal), and Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Business Research Unit, Portugal;2. Marriott School of Management, Brigham Young University, United States;3. Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Centro de Investigação em Qualidade de Vida, Portugal;4. School of Technology and Management of Águeda (ESTGA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, and Centre for Research in Higher Education Policies (CIPES), Matosinhos, Portugal;5. Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal;6. Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Emotional exhaustion is a threat to standard operations, particularly in organizations in which physical safety is at risk. High moral intensity is inherent in such organizations due to the magnitude of consequences associated with ethical/unethical conduct. The authors proposed a psychological process in which ethical leadership affects emotional exhaustion directly and indirectly through team cohesion. As military operational contexts typically are (or frequently have the potential to become) high moral intensity situations, the authors tested their model among 338 military personnel deployed in combat zones. They found that: (1) team cohesion partially mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and emotional exhaustion, and (2) this psychological process of direct and indirect effects of ethical leadership did not hold among individuals approaching the low end of conscientiousness. |
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