Supporting women to achieve breastfeeding to six months postpartum – The theoretical foundations of a successful program |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Southern Cross University, Australia;2. University of Wollongong, School of Nursing, Australia;3. School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Australia;1. St. Luke''s International University, 10-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan;2. St. Luke''s Birth Clinic, 1-24 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan;3. Osaka Medical College, 3-3 hacchonawate-cho, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-0096, Japan;1. School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Level 9, Health Sciences Building, Herston, Brisbane Q 4029, Australia;2. School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;3. Obstetric and Internal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women''s Hospital, Herston, Australia;4. School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;1. Coventry University, Centre for Technology Enabled Health Research, UK;2. School of Health, University of Northampton, Park Campus, Boughton Green Road, Northampton NN2 7AL, UK;1. University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia;2. Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, ACT, Australia;1. Paulista School of Nursing, Department of Women’s Health, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;2. The W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied Ethics, School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;3. School of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;4. Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;5. The Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, Oxford University, United Kingdom;6. Institute of Psychology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil;1. The School of Midwifery, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong;2. The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAlthough the benefits of breastfeeding to six months are well-established, only about half of Australian women succeed. The factors associated with successful breastfeeding are rarely translated into effective interventions. A new educational and support program, called the Milky Way program has been demonstrated to be effective in supporting women to achieve prolonged breastfeeding. In the Milky Way program, breastfeeding is considered an embodied performance which requires an engaged combination of body, mind and spirit. This paper aims to explain how the two theories that informed the program were used to better enable women's long term breastfeeding success.MethodThe theory of self-efficacy is first described as a way to develop women's cognitive processes to organise and execute the course of actions to breastfeed for a longer period of time. Birth territory theory is then presented. This theory discusses women as embodied selves; an essential concept for breastfeeding success. Birth territory theory also describes the effects of the holistic environment on the woman and explores the effects of power that is used in the environment. This power can be used integratively to strengthen the woman's breastfeeding confidence and success or, disintergratively which reduces her confidence and undermines her success.ConclusionStrategies based on self-efficacy theory are helpful, but are not sufficient to promote breastfeeding to six months. Health educators also need to foster the woman's connection to, and trust in, her body and her baby's body to breastfeed spontaneously. Being aware of environmental impacts on how the woman and baby breastfeed; and using one's own power integratively is crucial to women being able to achieve prolonged breastfeeding. |
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| Keywords: | Breastfeeding duration Education Support Self-efficacy theory Breastfeeding territory |
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