宪法的修辞：变迁着的公民身份及其表述方式

公民是自由、平等地参与公共生活，并同时统治和被统治的人。在古希腊，公民就是一个政治的人，宪法直接与公民关联；在近代西方，通过让渡和保留自然权利的社会契约，一个自然的人成为一个法律的人并在法律之下组织政治生活，权利成为公民与宪法的纽带；屈辱中走向近代化的中国，要将臣民构建为公民需以国民为介，与人民相对，以责任和道德为落点，这段复杂而独特的过程中，公民的表达词汇与叙述结构的变迁映现出了中国宪法的特质。

Tropes of Constitution: the Changing Citizenhood and Its Ways of Expression

A citizen is one that freely and equally participates in public life,one that rules and is ruled at the same time.In ancient Greece,a citizen is a political man,and constitution is directly related with the citizens.In modern Western countries,a man of nature becomes a man of law and organizes political life under the law,and right becomes the link between citizens and constitution.However,in China,which had a humiliated history once and now is heading for modernization,the concept of “the subject to the ruler” should give place to the concept of “citizen” in the constitutional construction,emphasizing responsibility and morality.During this complex and unique process,the changing citizenhood and the ways of expression would reflect the special characteristics of Chinese constitution.