日本契约拘束力理论的嬗变——从债权·债务构成走向契约构成

日本债权法基本理论正在经历一场意义深远的革命:从传统的潘德克吞模式下的债权.债务构成走向契约构成,其结果,造成了新理论在履行请求权的定位、债务不履行的归责事由、损害数额的确定基准、解除的要件、风险负担制度的价值以及情事变更制度的理解等债权法重大问题上都与传统理论立场根本对立。造成这种分歧的根本原因在于新旧理论对契约中他律要素的不同定位:传统理论将他律要素定位于契约内容之外,主张契约是基于当事人自由意思的合意;而新理论则将他律要素也纳入到契约内容中来,认为契约是制度之下的自由意思的合意。

Transformation of Legal Theory of Binding Contract in Japan: A Shift of Focus from Creditor's Rights and Obligations to the Constitution of the Contract

The theoretical basis of Japan' s Law of Obligation is currently undergoing a significant shift:a move from an emphasis on the traditional Pandects model of the constitution of the Law of Obligation towards an emphasis on the constitution of the contract. The result of this change has led to the creation of a new theory regarding the positioning of the right to place a claim, reasons for the nonperformance of an obligation, the methods for calculation of damages, elements of termination, the weight of val...