从工作与家庭的平衡看公共政策的改革与完善

改革开放以来,中国的经济发展取得令人瞩目的巨大成就,中国政府的相关政策和措施为实现有家庭责任工人的就业和生活权利提供了重要保障。同时,中国的家庭结构和规模不断缩小,家庭模式呈现多元化,家庭的稳定性降低,生育模式和养老模式都发生显著变化,家庭的抚养比减少。原本,这些因素都可能使有家庭责任的工人减轻家庭照顾的负担,但是,对独生子女的高期望、劳动力的流动、老龄化、对家庭幸福的追求、家庭照顾的市场化和私人化,以及传统大家庭支持可获得性的降低等,又加重了家庭中照顾者特别是女性的责任。另外,政府对为有家庭责任的男女工人提供平等就业机会和平等待遇问题的认识不足,实施基本公共服务的内容没有深入到家庭照顾的层面,在解决工作—家庭冲突中没有承担起应有的责任,传统的性别观念影响了政府有关制度的设计等。与经济发展相比,中国的社会发展特别是相关公共服务的发展还存在明显的不足。

Reform and Improvement in Public Policies on a View through the Balance between Work and Family

Since the reform and opening-up policy started,China has made an outstanding achievement in economic development.Meanwhile,The Chinese government has taken a series of policies to provide a major guarantee especially to those who have a heavier family burden for their work and livelihood.On the other hand,there are still some problems in the public services.The development of public services in China,in contrast with its economic development,shows obvious inadequate in its social development.Therefore the government should take necessary measures to reform and improve the public policies.