和谐人性的塑造——加达默尔和孔子“教化”理论之比较

加达默尔在其《真理与方法》一书中论述的教化思想,是针对现代社会的现代自然科学方法造成的人性分裂而提出来的。他认为弥合现代人的人性分裂,必须以人文主义的教化思想来恢复完美的人性。孔子更是把文学的教化思想作为完善人性,实现伦理政治的得力工具。在完善人性这方面两者是相同的。但因两者所处时代不同,面对的社会状况也不一样,因此,加达默尔侧重人性中的感性,强调理性不要超越感性;而孔子侧重于人性中的理性,以理性来充实感性。另外,加达默尔注重主体的精神普遍性在艺术经验的理解和交流的过程中提升和转化,而孔子则侧重于文学艺术的工具地位及对人心的伦理道德塑造和实现伦理政治的需要。

A Comparative Study of Theory of Bildung between Gadamer and Confucius

In his book Truth and Method,Gadamer elaborated the theory of bildung aiming at solving the fragmentation of human nature caused by modern science in the modern society.He claimed that bildung is essential to bridge the fragmentation and restore perfect humanity,which is the same as the theory of Confucius.However,owing to different ages and social status,Gadamer stressed sensibility more than rationality while Confucius emphasized the rationality to enrich sensibility.Furthermore,Gadamer paid attention to the subject’s ascension and transformation of the universal spirit in the process of art understanding and communication whereas Confucius emphasized literature and art as a necessary tool of ethical shaping and political realizing.