以史为戏:论中国古代假传

假传是中国古代重要的俳谐文体之一。它创自韩愈,兴于北宋,至明代臻于高峰。假传创作的基本艺术机杼是戏拟——游戏性模仿,从中体现出强烈的"以史为戏"的创作精神。从中唐到晚清,假传作品中的戏谑、讽喻、寄托、抒愤等多重主题意蕴并存。假传作品的不足之处是情节的编织大都依附于历史上广为人知的典故、传说、轶事,颇多重复。这一文体以其特有的调侃戏谑精神,冲击了史传叙述的庄重性,其影响远及东亚邻国。

Parody of History Biography:On Chinese Ancient Jia Zhuan

Jia Zhuan is one of the most important humorous styles in ancient China.It originated from Hanyu,starting in Song Dynasty,and reaching its peak in Ming Dynasty.Its basic literary pattern is the imitation of fun-making,presenting the strong spirit of "making fun by means of history".From middle Tang Dynasty to late Qing,multiples themes such as joking,allegory and symbolization coexisted in the works of Jia Zhuan.Its weakness is that its plot is mostly based on the known-to-all allusions,anecdotes or tales,which turned out to be duplicated very frequently.This stylistics shakes the solemn of historic narration,with its teasing spirit,and its impact reaches the East Asian neighbors.