姜太公称谓及清华简《耆夜》“吕尚父”问题

先秦文献中,姜太公有师尚父、太公、太公望、吕望、吕尚、吕牙等称谓,迄今为止,先秦文献中尚未出现过“吕尚父”的称谓。“吕尚父”之称,在传世文献中出现时间颇晚,而且出现次数极少。就目前所掌握的材料看,“吕尚父”之称仅出现于唐代及以后文人诗歌、杂记,无一出自史学著作,因而其在古代文献中流传并不广泛。先秦文献和周代金文中作某父的人名颇多,清华简《耆夜》简2—3简文作“郘上甫”,从文字使用上,显得颇为费解,而且和绎(毕)公高、邵(召)公保睪(奭)、周公叔旦、辛公■甲等称谓比较,用字颇不工对。清华简《耆夜》篇存在诸多诸如此类的疑问,《耆夜》的时代和清华简的真伪,自然是清华简整理和研究过程中,无法绕开且亟须澄清的一个重要学术难题。

The Appellation of Jiang Taigong and the Issue of Lyu Shang Fu in Qiye of Tsinghua Bamboo Slips

In the documents of pre-Qin period,Jiang Taigong is called Shi Shang Fu,Taigong,Taigong Wang,Lyu Wang,Lyu Shang,Lyu Ya,etc.The appellation of Lyu Shang Fu,which appeared quite late and only a few times in the handed down documents,has not been found in the documents of pre-Qin period so far.As far as the materials we have at present,the appellation of Lyu Shang Fu is only found in poems,miscellanies and other literary works of Tang Dynasty and later,none of which comes from historical works,so it is not widely spread in ancient literature.Therefore,it is not widely spread in ancient documents.Many people were named Father so-and-so in the documents of pre-Qin period and the inscriptions on bronze of Zhou Dynasty,while Shang Fu(上甫)is found on Slip 2-3 in Qiye of Tsinghua Bamboo Slips.From the use of words,it seems quite inexplicable and not symmetrical in form,compared with the appellations of Yi(Bi)gong Gao,Shao(Zhao)gong Baoshi,Zhougong Shudan and Xingong Jia.With a lot of questions like that in Qiye of Tsinghua Bamboo Slips,there is no doubt that the age of Qiye and the authenticity of Qinghua Bamboo Slips is an important academic issue that cannot be avoided and needs to be clarified in the process of collation and research of Tsinghua Bamboo Slips.