养老保险可携带性、农村劳动力流动与农村反贫困

本文在三部门经济框架下拓展了Harris和Todaro(1970)关于劳动力流动及其经济与社会影响的H-T模型,对养老保险可携带性影响农村劳动力流动的收入增长效应和贫富调节机制开展了理论及实证研究。结果显示:经济发展水平和产业层级在地区之间的梯度分化与城乡之间高达1.9~2.6倍的收入差距,是农村劳动力向城镇流动以及在不同城镇之间跨区流动的根本原因。养老保险可携带性是通过改变流动成本和流动收益影响农村劳动力的流动效率和流动方向,具有显著的收入增长效应和贫富调节作用。提高养老保险可携带性在2000—2019年间可使农村劳动力收入提高 35%以上,并可使城乡劳动 力收入差距减少15%~34%。有力地验证了《城镇企业职工基本养老保险关系转移接续暂行办法》在城乡协同发展、增加农民收入和缩小城乡贫富差距中的积极作用及其进一步完善的必要性和方向。

Portable Pension,Rural Labor Migration,and Rural Anti-poverty

This paper extends the H-T model of labor mobility and its economic and social impact by Harris & Todaro (1970) in the three-sector economic framework to study the effect of pension portability on the income growth effect of rural labor migration and the adjustment mechanism of wealth and poverty. The empirical results show that the gradient of economic development and industrial hierarchy between regions and the income gap of 190% ~ 260% between urban and rural areas are the fundamental reasons for the rural labor force to flow to cities. The portability of pension affects the flow efficiency and direction of the rural labor force by changing the flow costs and returns and has a significant effect on income growth and wealth adjustment. From 2000 to 2019, improving the portability of pension can increase the income of rural labor by more than 35% and reduce the income gap between urban and rural labor by 15% ~ 34%. Thus, the Temporary Measures for the Transfer and Continuity of Basic Endowment Insurance of Urban Enterprise Employees are effectively verified, which plays a positive role in coordinating development between urban and rural areas, increasing farmers’ income and narrowing the urban-rural wealth gap, and this paper also shows the necessity and direction to further improve it.